U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C17H17ClO6
Molecular Weight 352.766
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of GRISEOFULVIN

SMILES

COC1=CC(OC)=C2C(=O)[C@]3(OC2=C1Cl)[C@H](C)CC(=O)C=C3OC

InChI

InChIKey=DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-RBHXEPJQSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H17ClO6/c1-8-5-9(19)6-12(23-4)17(8)16(20)13-10(21-2)7-11(22-3)14(18)15(13)24-17/h6-8H,5H2,1-4H3/t8-,17+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/050475s057lbl.pdf

Griseofulvin is a mycotoxic metabolic product of Penicillium spp. It was the first available oral agent for the treatment of dermatophytoses and has now been used for more than forty years. Griseofulvin is fungistatic with in vitro activity against various species of Microsporum Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton. It has no effect on bacteria or on other genera of fungi. Following oral administration, griseofulvin is deposited in the keratin precursor cells and has a greater affinity for diseased tissue. The drug is tightly bound to the new keratin which becomes highly resistant to fungal invasions. Once the keratin-Griseofulvin complex reaches the skin site of action, it binds to fungal microtubules (tubulin) thus altering fungal mitosis. Griseofulvin is fungistatic, however the exact mechanism by which it inhibits the growth of dermatophytes is not clear. It is thought to inhibit fungal cell mitosis and nuclear acid synthesis. It also binds to and interferes with the function of spindle and cytoplasmic microtubules by binding to alpha and beta tubulin. It binds to keratin in human cells, then once it reaches the fungal site of action, it binds to fungal microtubes thus altering the fungal process of mitosis.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Griseofulvin (C17H17O6Cl) was first isolated from Penicillium griseo f ulvum Dieck by Oxford, Raistrick, and Simonart (1939)

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: Aspergillus fumigatus growth
Target ID: P87066
Gene ID: NA
Gene Symbol: TUB1
Target Organism: Candida albicans (Yeast)
Target ID: Staphylococcus aureus growth
Target ID: P10875
Gene ID: NA
Gene Symbol: TUB2
Target Organism: Candida albicans (Yeast)
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
GRIS-PEG

Approved Use

Gris-PEG® (griseofulvin ultramicrosize) is indicated for the treatment of the following ringworm infections; tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (ringworm of the groin and thigh), tinea barbae (barber’s itch), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea unguium (onychomycosis, ringworm of the nails), when caused by one or more of the following genera of fungi: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton interdigitalis,Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton megnini, Trichophyton gallinae, Trichophyton crateriform, Trichophyton sulphureum, Trichophyton schoenleini, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum

Launch Date

1975
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
629.77 ng/mL
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
1310.28 ng/mL
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
1.39 μg/mL
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
1.25 μg/mL
330 mg single, oral
dose: 330 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
600.61 ng/mL
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
18827.7 ng × h/mL
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
20735.2 ng × h/mL
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
25.9 ng × h/mL
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
21.1 μg × h/mL
330 mg single, oral
dose: 330 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
8618.89 ng × h/mL
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.716 h
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
9.043 h
250 mg single, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
10.7 h
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
10.3 h
330 mg single, oral
dose: 330 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
16%
330 mg single, oral
dose: 330 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GRISEOFULVIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer




Drug as perpetrator​
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Hepatocarcinogenicity of griseofulvin following parenteral administration to infant mice.
1967 Oct
[Teratogenic effect of griseofulvin-forte on rat fetus].
1969 Jan
Skin temperature changes in Raynaud's disease after griseofulvin.
1970 Mar
[Studies in 25 patients with progressive systemic scleroderma treated by long-term administration of griseofulvin].
1973 Jun 20
[Central nervous symptoms as side effects of mycosis treatment with griseofulvin].
1974 Oct 30
Letter: Psychotic symptoms with griseofulvin.
1974 Sep 9
[Case of epilepsy caused by griseofulvin].
1977 Oct
Thyroid tumours in rats and hepatomas in mice after griseofulvin treatment.
1978 Aug
Effect of Griseofulvin on 5-aminolevulinate synthase and on ferrochelatase in mouse liver neoplastic nodules.
1981 Apr
[Hepatoma after long-term administration of griseofulvin].
1981 May
Bile secretion and liver microsomal mixed function oxidase system in mice with griseofulvin-induced hepatic protoporphyria.
1983 May
Mallory body formation runs parallel to gamma-glutamyl transferase induction in hepatocytes of griseofulvin-fed mice.
1983 Nov-Dec
Screening for new compounds with antiherpes activity.
1984 Oct
Changes in the cytokeratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton associated with Mallory body formation in mouse and human liver.
1987 Nov-Dec
Griseofulvin-induced neuropathy.
1990 Jan 27
Isolated erythroid hypoplasia and renal insufficiency induced by long-term griseofulvin therapy.
1990 Nov
[A case of mixed connective tissue disease exacerbated by griseofulvin complicating aseptic meningo-encephalitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation].
1990 Oct
Kawasaki-like syndrome associated with griseofulvin treatment.
1993 Jul
Serial light and electron microscopic changes in renal glomeruli in mice fed griseofulvin.
1993 May-Jun
Disturbance of keratin homeostasis in griseofulvin-intoxicated mouse liver.
1993 Nov
A double blind study of itraconazole vs griseofulvin in patients with tinea pedis and tinea manus.
1994 Apr 13
Proximal myopathy associated with griseofulvin therapy.
1994 Jan
An unusual case of severe griseofulvin-alcohol interaction.
1994 Jul
Up-regulation of CYP2A5 expression by porphyrinogenic agents in mouse liver.
1995 Apr
Nephrotic syndrome related to systemic lupus erythematosus after griseofulvin therapy.
1995 Aug
Myositis associated with griseofulvin therapy.
1995 Oct
Susceptibility to hepatotoxicity in transgenic mice that express a dominant-negative human keratin 18 mutant.
1996 Aug 15
Experimental Mallory body formation is accompanied by modulation of the expression of multidrug-resistance genes and their products.
1996 Jul
Griseofulvin and fluvoxamine interactions with the metabolism of theophylline.
1997 Feb
Regulation of CYP 2 A 5 induction by porphyrinogenic agents in mouse primary hepatocytes.
1997 Jan
Hepatic injury during ketoconazole therapy in patients with onychomycosis: a controlled cohort study.
1997 Jan
Differential xenobiotic induction of CYP2A5 in mouse liver, kidney, lung, and olfactory mucosa.
1998 Aug
Cell wall active antifungal compounds produced by the marine fungus Hypoxylon oceanicum LL-15G256. III. Biological properties of 15G256 gamma.
1998 Mar
Inhibition of PPAR alpha/RXR alpha-mediated direct hyperplasia pathways during griseofulvin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
1998 May 1
Synthesis and biological activity of peptide derivatives of iodoquinazolinones/nitroimidazoles.
2008 Apr 24
A comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis of antibiotics that activate pregnane X receptor and induce CYP3A4 in liver and intestine.
2008 Aug
Manifestation of psychiatric behaviors in a mouse model of griseofulvin-induced hepatic porphyria.
2008 Dec
[Antimycotic therapy of Tinea pedis and other foot mycoses].
2008 Jul
Epidermal growth factor receptor ligands in murine models for erythropoietic protoporphyria: potential novel players in the progression of liver injury.
2009 Feb 16
Tinea capitis: diagnostic criteria and treatment options.
2009 Jan-Feb
Tinea capitis: diagnostic criteria and treatment options.
2009 Sep-Oct
Synthesis, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal evaluations of new alpha-hydroxyphosphonate and new alpha-acetoxyphosphonate derivatives of tetrazolo [1, 5-a] quinoline.
2010 Mar
Synthesis and the selective antifungal activity of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives.
2010 May
Novel insights into changes in biochemical properties of keratins 8 and 18 in griseofulvin-induced toxic liver injury.
2010 Oct
Synthesis and characterization of some new quinoline based derivatives endowed with broad spectrum antimicrobial potency.
2012 Nov 15
Green synthesis and anti-infective activities of fluorinated pyrazoline derivatives.
2012 Sep 1
The anti-mitotic drug griseofulvin induces apoptosis of human germ cell tumor cells through a connexin 43-dependent molecular mechanism.
2013 Apr
An efficient domino reaction in ionic liquid: synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyrano- and thiopyrano-fused heterocycles.
2013 Mar 15
Complexity generation in fungal polyketide biosynthesis: a spirocycle-forming P450 in the concise pathway to the antifungal drug griseofulvin.
2013 Oct 18
Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
2015 May 18
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Adults: Daily administration of 375 mg (as a single dose or in divided doses) will give a satisfactory response in most patients with tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea capitis. For those fungal infections more difficult to eradicate, such as tinea pedis and tinea unguium, a divided dose of 750 mg is recommended. Pediatric Use: Approximately 7.3 mg per kg of body weight per day of ultramicrosize griseofulvin is an effective dose for most pediatric patients. On this basis, the following dosage schedule is suggested: 16-27 kg: 125 mg to 187.5 mg daily. over 27 kg: 187.5 mg to 375 mg daily
Route of Administration: Oral
Griseofulvin displayed strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. solani and S. aureus with MIC of 3.13 uM for each.
Name Type Language
GRISEOFULVIN
EP   GREEN BOOK   HSDB   INN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD   WHO-IP  
INN  
Official Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [HSDB]
Common Name English
SPIRO(BENZOFURAN-2(3H),1'-(2)CYCLOHEXENE)-3,4'-DIONE, 7-CHLORO-2',4,6-TRIMETHOXY-6'-METHYL-, (1'S-TRANS)-
Common Name English
(1'S-TRANS)- 7-CHLORO-2',4,6-TRIMETHOXY-6'-METHYLSPIRO(BENZOFURAN-2(3H),1'-CYCLOHEX-2'-ENE)-3,4'-DIONE
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [MI]
Common Name English
(1'S,6'R)-7-CHLORO-2',4,6-TRIMETHOXY-6'-METHYLSPIRO(BENZOFURAN-2(3H),1'-(2)CYCLOHEXENE)-3,4'-DIONE
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [USP-RS]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
GRISACTIN V
Brand Name English
griseofulvin [INN]
Common Name English
GRIS-PEG
Brand Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [IARC]
Common Name English
7-CHLORO-2',4,6-TRIMETHOXY-6'.BETA.-METHYLSPIRO(BENZOFURAN-2(3H),1'-(2)CYCLOHEXENE)-3,4'-DIONE
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN PERMEABILITY DIAMETER
USP-RS  
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [JAN]
Common Name English
NSC-755822
Code English
GRISEOFULVIN PERMEABILITY DIAMETER [USP-RS]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVINUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [VANDF]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [MART.]
Common Name English
NSC-34533
Code English
Griseofulvin [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
GRISEOFULVIN [WHO-IP]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C514
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NDF-RT N0000008732
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LIVERTOX NBK548177
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WHO-ATC D01AA08
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WHO-VATC QD01BA01
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE 471400
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WHO-VATC QD01AA08
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CFR 21 CFR 520.1100
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WHO-ATC D01BA01
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NDF-RT N0000175085
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 6.3
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NDF-RT N0000175848
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Code System Code Type Description
RXCUI
91077
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ALTERNATIVE
NCI_THESAURUS
C65819
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PRIMARY
NSC
34533
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PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
GRISEOFULVIN
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000092791
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PRIMARY
INN
875
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
217398
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ALTERNATIVE
FDA UNII
32HRV3E3D5
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00400
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
441140
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PRIMARY
CAS
126-07-8
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
27779
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PRIMARY
ALANWOOD
griseofulvin
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
5021
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PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
204-767-4
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PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
GRISEOFULVIN
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PRIMARY Description: White to pale cream powder; almost odourless. Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; freely soluble in tetrachloroethane R. Category: Antifungal. Storage: Griseofulvin should be kept in a well-closed container. Additional information: The particles of Griseofulvin are generally up to 5 .MU.m in maximum dimension, although occasionally larger particles may be present that exceed 30 μm.Definition: Griseofulvin contains not less than 97.0% and not more than 102.0% of C17H17ClO6, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
MERCK INDEX
m5854
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PRIMARY Merck Index
EVMPD
SUB07966MIG
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PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1331
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL562
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PRIMARY
MESH
D006118
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
32HRV3E3D5
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PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1299200
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PRIMARY
NSC
755822
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PRIMARY